BANK SECURITY

 Click the link below to download the IC bank security transaction procedure. 

IC BANK SECURITIES ISSUING – TRANSACTION PROCEDURE-MARCH 2023 same

What are a Bank Securities?

 Bank Securities are assets   that can be traded, or they   can also be seen as packages  of capital that may be traded. Most types of Bank Securities provide efficient flow and transfer of capital all throughout the world’s investors. These assets can be cash, a contractual right to deliver or receive cash or another type of Bank Securities, or evidence of one’s ownership of an entity.

 Types of Bank Securities

 Standby Letter of Credit   (SBLC)

 A standby letter of credit, abbreviated as SBLC, refers to a legal document where a bank guarantees the payment of a specific amount of money to a seller if the buyer defaults on the agreement.

The process of obtaining an SBLC is similar to a loan application process. The process starts when the buyer applies for an SBLC at a commercial bank/corporate issuer. The issuer will perform its due diligence on the buyer to assess its creditworthiness, based on past credit history and the most recent credit report. If the buyer’s creditworthiness is in question, the issuer may require the buyer to provide an asset or the funds on deposit as collateral before approval.

After review of the documentation, the commercial bank will provide an SBLC to the buyer. The bank/issuer will charge a service fee of 1% to 10% for each year when the financial instrument remains valid. If the buyer meets its obligations in the contract before the due date, the bank will terminate the SBLC without a further charge to the buyer.

Bank Guarantee (BG)

A bank guarantee is an assurance that a bank provides to a contract between two external parties, a buyer and a seller, or in relation to the guarantee, an applicant and a beneficiary. The bank guarantee serves as a risk management tool for the beneficiary, as the bank assumes liability for completion of the contract should the buyer default on their debt or obligation.

Small companies can secure loans or conduct business that would otherwise not be possible due to the potential riskiness of the contract for their counterparty. It encourages business growth and entrepreneurial activity.

The banks charge low fees for bank guarantees, normally a fraction of 1% of the overall transaction, for the assurance provided.

Documentary Letter of Credit (DLC)

A letter of credit (LC), also known as a documentary credit or banker’s commercial credit, or letter of undertaking (LoU), is a payment mechanism used in international trade to provide an economic guarantee from a creditworthy bank to an exporter of goods. Letters of credit are used extensively in the financing of international trade, where the reliability of contracting parties cannot be readily and easily determined. Its economic effect is to introduce a bank as an underwriter, where it assumes the counterparty risk of the buyer paying the seller for goods.

UCP 600 (2007 Revision) regulates common market practice within the letter of credit market. It defines a number of terms related to letters of credit which categories the various factors within any given transaction. These are crucial to understanding the role financial institutions play within.

Types of Asset Classes of Bank Securities

Cash Securities

The values of cash securities are directly influenced and determined by the markets. These can be securities that are easily transferable.

Cash securities may also be deposits and loans agreed upon by borrowers and lenders.

Derivative Securities

The value and characteristics of derivative securities are based on the vehicle’s underlying components, such as assets, interest rates, or indices.

An equity options contract, for example, is a derivative because it derives its value from the underlying stock. The option gives the right, but not the obligation, to buy or sell the stock at a specified price and by a certain date. As the price of the stock rises and falls, so too does the value of the option although not necessarily by the same percentage.

There can be over-the-counter (OTC) derivatives or exchange-traded derivatives. OTC is a market or process whereby securities–that are not listed on formal exchanges–are priced and traded.

Debt-Based Securities

Short-term debt-based bank securities last for one year or less. Securities of this kind come in the form of T-bills and commercial paper. Cash of this kind can be deposits and certificates of deposit (CDs).

Equity-Based Securities

Securities under equity-based bank securities are stocks. Exchange-traded derivatives in this category include stock options and equity futures. The OTC derivatives are stock options and exotic derivatives.